a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

m_{hh Zn và Fe} = 21,6-3 = 18,6 (g)

PTHH: Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      x                                           x

PTHH: Fe + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      y                                           y 

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=18,6\\x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65.100\%}{21,6}=60,19\%\)

\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56.100\%}{21,6}=25,93\%\)

\(\%m_{Cu}=100-60,19-25,93=13,88\%\)

b,

PTHH: Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,2     0,2                            0,2

PTHH: Fe + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,1      0,1                            0,1 

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,1+0,2\right).98=29,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4.100\%}{25\%}=117,6\left(g\right)\)

c,m_{dd sau pư} = 21,6+117,6- (0,1+0,2).2 = 138,6 (g)

\(C\%_{ddZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.161.100\%}{138,6}=23,23\%\)

\(C\%_{ddFeSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.152.100\%}{138,6}=10,97\%\)

Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Zn} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 65b = 1,77(1)$

$n_{NO_2} = \dfrac{1,792}{22,4} = 0,08(mol)$

Bảo toàn electron : 

$3n_{Fe} + 2n_{Zn} = n_{NO_2} \Rightarrow 3a + 2b = 0,08(2)$

Từ (1)(2) suy ra:  a = 0,02 ; b = 0,01

$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,02.56}{1,77}.100\% = 63,3\%$

$\%m_{Zn} =100\% - 63,3\% = 36,7\%$

a) Đặt: nZn=x(mol); nFe= y(mol) (x,y: nguyên, dương)

Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2

x_______x_______x________x

Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2

y____y_________y___y(mol)

b) m(rắn)=mCu=3(g)

=> m(Zn, Fe)= 21,6 - 3= 18,6(g)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=18,6\\22,4x+22,4y=6,72\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> Zn= 65.0,2=13(g)

=>%mZn= (13/21,6).100=60,185%

%mCu=(3/21,6).100=13,889%

=>%mFe=25,926%

c) nH2SO4=x+y=0,3(mol) =>mH2SO4=29,4(g)

=> mddH2SO4= (29,4.100)/25=117,6(g)

Định hướng tư duy giải

Có ngay

Nhìn thấy Mg nên

\(3,68g\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe\\Mg\end{matrix}\right.+HNO3->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe\left(NO3\right)3\\Mg\left(NO3\right)2\end{matrix}\right.+5,376\left(l\right)NO2\)

Bảo toàn e :

\(3x+2y=0,24\)

Ta có :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+24y=3,68\\3x+2y=0,24\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,04\left(mol\right)\\y=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%mFe=\dfrac{0,04.56}{3,68}=60,87\%\\\%mMg=\dfrac{0,06.24}{3,68}=39,13\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố Fe và Mg :

\(nFe=nFe\left(NO3\right)3=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

\(nMg=nMg\left(NO3\right)2=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có : \(nHNO3pu=0,04.3+0,06.2=0,24\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow mHNO3=0,24.63=15,12\left(g\right)\)

Đáp án A

Đáp án A.